Very interesting topic since I am trying to make a universal formula for running costs for a while now. (I want to include buses, trams and trucks too)
If a train has multiple powered units, they need to be put together as one virtual unit. Non powered parts need to be added seperately like wagons. Buses and trams are always considered as one vehicle.
For now I have come up with this formula:
Running Cost = T + C*Capacity*Speed^V + Speed^V*(S*Steam^P+D*Diesel^P+E*Electric^P)*0,5^((IntrDate-1850)/HT)
T = term depending on type of vehicle. For locomotives = 110 K ; for wagons, buses and trams = 5 K
C = factor for capacity = 0,13
V = number to reduce the effect of increasing speed (otherwise high speed is to expensive) = 0,59
P = number to reduce the effect of increasing power (otherwise high power becomes to expensive) = 0,68
S = factor for steam vehicles = 0,30
D = factor for Diesel vehicles = 0,28
E = factor for electric vehicles = 0,26
HT = halftime to make equal vehicles with later introduction date cheaper to run = 125 year (every 125 years the price of an equal vehicle will be halved, excluding capacity and fixed cost ofcourse)
Capacity = in-game capacity of a vehicle
Speed = Max speed of the vehicle
Steam = power of a steam vehicle
Diesel = power of a diesel vehicle
Electric = power of an elektric vehicle
IntrDate = introduction date
I didn't include weight because I think it is better to make that only influence the purchase price (heavier is cheaper to buy)
examples from vanilla game (mainly big changes):
- D 1/3 Spanisch-Brötli-Bahn: 120 -> 148
Spanisch-Brötli-Bahn car: 16 -> 13 A standard 5 car train will be 13K more expensive, so no real difference
- Class 53 Prussian G 3: 295 -> 192 This locomotive will now be a real upgrade to the Borsig
- A 3/5: 690 -> 473
Three axcle car: 28 -> 32,5 A standard 5 car train will be 194,5K cheaper to run. (too cheap? pls give feedback)
- Class 75.4 Baden VI c: 480 -> 336,5 too cheap? pls give feedback
- Ce 6/8 II Crocodile: 550 -> 336 This train is now a good upgrade for freight
- RABDe 12/12: 990 -> 729 This train is now a viable alternative to a Re4/4+BC4 wagons.
- TFV small: 1600 -> 1818
- TFV normal: 2160 -> 2184
- TFV large: 2720 -> 2550 The large TFV is now cheaper and the small more expensive, as IMO it should be
- Re450: 1360 -> 867 This train badly needed a big reduction in price
- Class V 100: 500 -> 318 This loco now can be usefull for light freight transport.
I have included an ODS file (libre office), so you can see all new running costs for ingame vehicles (no mods included).
(Pioneer Zephyr should be 15K more and TFV should be 10K more because I didn't seperate all the wagons from the engine)
Some of the buses/trams are vey expensive, but that's because they use unrealistic values. F.e. The Halle tram and the Ce2/2 have way to much power for their time. If you change them to represent a more realistic value (as in the US DLC), it works a lot better. Also some of the trams should have a much higher passenger capacity, especially Mirage and Cobra, so they would cost slightly more than in the attached file, but they would also have a much higher possible income and it would make them usefull compared to buses (tram for high capacity, buses for lower capacity).