Thanks, Dh-106 and MaikC!
To admit, I'm struggling to find out how to properly configure the wheels. I don't understand the mechanisms of a train, so terms as "bogie" and "axles" are new to me. Even reading the Transport Fever wiki page on "fake bogies" doesn't let me understand it, unfortunately.
In addition, you shouldn't use wheels on a train, as they would steer them in the curves. It would be correct to connect both wheels for one axle.
So, may I ask, how do I create an axle? Can you show me an example maybe? That would help out a lot! Anyway, thanks for pointing me towards the right configuration!
However, if You adjust the parts orientation, You´ll need to mind the transformation matrix in the .mdl as well. You´ll likely have quite weird figures in the line referring to the wheel now; with the amended part, it should read {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, x coordinate, y coordinate, z coordinate, 1}. Then it ought to work.
I'm currently at this step. It's quite confusing to me, so I didn't dive in to it yet. I may need to change the Blender model first regarding MaikC's feedback. If this is the case I'll preferably update the Blender model first. Thanks for helping me so far!